Differences Between Functional and Object-Oriented Programming
| Functional | Object-oriented | |
|---|---|---|
| Unit of composition | Functions | Objects (classes) |
| Programming style | Declarative | Imperative |
| Coding Pattern | Composition (Chaining / Currying) | Inheritance |
| Data and behavior | Loosely coupled into pure, standalone functions | Tightly coupled in classes with methods |
| State management | Treats objects as immutable values | Favors mutation of objects via instance methods |
| Control flow | Functions and recursion | Loops and conditionals |
| Thread safety | Enables concurrent programming | Difficult to achieve |
| Encapsulation | Not needed because everything is immutable | Needed to protect data integrity |